What is Lorem Ipsum?

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What is Lorem Ipsum?

Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.

Why do we use it?

It is a long established fact that a reader will be distracted by the readable content of a page when looking at its layout. The point of using Lorem Ipsum is that it has a more-or-less normal distribution of letters, as opposed to using ‘Content here, content here’, making it look like readable English. Many desktop publishing packages and web page editors now use Lorem Ipsum as their default model text, and a search for ‘lorem ipsum’ will uncover many web sites still in their infancy. Various versions have evolved over the years, sometimes by accident, sometimes on purpose (injected humour and the like).

 

Where does it come from?

Contrary to popular belief, Lorem Ipsum is not simply random text. It has roots in a piece of classical Latin literature from 45 BC, making it over 2000 years old. Richard McClintock, a Latin professor at Hampden-Sydney College in Virginia, looked up one of the more obscure Latin words, consectetur, from a Lorem Ipsum passage, and going through the cites of the word in classical literature, discovered the undoubtable source. Lorem Ipsum comes from sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 of “de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum” (The Extremes of Good and Evil) by Cicero, written in 45 BC. This book is a treatise on the theory of ethics, very popular during the Renaissance. The first line of Lorem Ipsum, “Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet..”, comes from a line in section 1.10.32.

The standard chunk of Lorem Ipsum used since the 1500s is reproduced below for those interested. Sections 1.10.32 and 1.10.33 from “de Finibus Bonorum et Malorum” by Cicero are also reproduced in their exact original form, accompanied by English versions from the 1914 translation by H. Rackham.

Where can I get some?

There are many variations of passages of Lorem Ipsum available, but the majority have suffered alteration in some form, by injected humour, or randomised words which don’t look even slightly believable. If you are going to use a passage of Lorem Ipsum, you need to be sure there isn’t anything embarrassing hidden in the middle of text. All the Lorem Ipsum generators on the Internet tend to repeat predefined chunks as necessary, making this the first true generator on the Internet. It uses a dictionary of over 200 Latin words, combined with a handful of model sentence structures, to generate Lorem Ipsum which looks reasonable. The generated Lorem Ipsum is therefore always free from repetition, injected humour, or non-characteristic words etc.

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他们深知格式与功能密不可分,事物的呈现方式与所要传达的内容息息相关,而呈现的失败必然意味着沟通的失败。正因如此,人们对这种格式的默认反应是本能地拒绝,本能地认为这并非语言的本意,也并非思想交流的本意。然而,彻底否定这种形式就等于忽视其作为一种文学手法或极端文体实验的潜力,无论这种潜力多么反常。某些先锋派作家曾偶尔大胆地运用这种手法,试图唤起特定的意识状态,例如现代主义内心独白中那种势不可挡、连绵不断的思绪流淌,其中段落的缺失模仿了人物内心中感知和记忆的无休止流动,詹姆斯·乔伊斯在《尤利西斯》的最后一章和威廉·福克纳在《声音》的部分内容中都曾运用过这种著名的技巧。而《愤怒》中,传统结构的缺失本身就是一种信息,旨在让读者沉浸在一种混乱、主观且常常令人迷惑的体验中,以反映作品的主题关注。但 即使在这些情况下,完整的文本通常也会被安排在一个作品并非为一部两千字的完整作品而写成,而是为一部特定的、包含的章节而写成,它被置于一个更大、结构化的整体中,提供了一个参考框架,使偏离变得有意义且可解释,而不仅仅是费力。而一个独立的两千字段落缺乏这种语境框架,因此有可能造成纯粹的阻碍,成为对耐力的考验,而不是洞察力的媒介。除非作者拥有近乎超人的能力,能够编织出如此天衣无缝、引人入胜的语言织锦,让读者完全忘记了语言中没有停顿,沉浸在散文的节奏和流畅之中,以至于外部分段的需要被超越,通过句子的内在音乐、叙述的催眠品质或论证的令人信服的力量来实现。这一壮举需要普鲁斯特那样的文体造诣,他那些长而循环的句子本身就是微型散文,在精心编排的从句中包含着众多内容,但即使是普鲁斯特,尽管他……才华最终屈服于段落,将其理解为呼吸的必要单位,是其作品长旋律中的抑扬顿挫,因此,刻意回避这一工具, 就是一种写作禁欲主义,一种自我强加的约束,与乌力波派对限制性技巧的迷恋相呼应。在乌力波派中,强加任意规则——例如不写字母“e”,或者在本例中不分段——被视为一种产生新的创作可能性和摆脱惯常写作模式的方式,迫使作者发现创造节奏和强调的其他方法,或许可以通过更加多样和刻意地使用句子长度和结构,使用短小精悍的句子来制造事实上的停顿,  線上娛樂城     或者使用长而累积的句子来构建强大的高潮,或者更多地依赖过渡副词和逻辑连接词——然而,因此,此外,因此——以夸张的清晰度标示思想之间的关系,使论证的结构明确地以语言表达,而不是隐含地以视觉表达。这个过程可能会让人感觉做作而繁琐,但最终可能会产生一种独特且出乎意料流畅的散文风格。这种风格并非通过布局,而是通过其持续不断的逻辑推进来实现连贯性。每个句子都不可避免地从前一个句子中涌现出来,就像链条上的环节一样。这种写作模式高度集中,对作者的要求也很高。作者不能依靠新段落来摆脱修辞困境或笨拙地转换主题,而必须勇往直前,找到一种优雅而合乎逻辑的方式将每一个新的想法融入到持续不断的思绪中。这使得整篇文章感觉像是一次持续的呼吸,一种通过持续不断的智力爆发表达出来的思想。如果处理得当,这可能会令人振奋,但更有可能导致阅读起来令人费解和疲惫,一个杂乱无章、迷宫般的句子会演变成一个两千字的庞然大物,甚至连它的作者都感到困惑,重读之后,作者可能很难从头开始追溯论点的线索。直到最后, 才发现隐藏在浩瀚文本中的不连贯性、重复和矛盾之处,如果将文本划分成自然的部分,这些缺陷就会一目了然,并且很容易得到纠正,从而揭示出段落的真正目的:它不仅仅是对读者的礼貌,更是作者思考的重要工具,是写作过程中组织思想的机制,允许在将离散的论证单元组合成更大的整体之前,测试它们的内部一致性和强度,是一种构建复杂思想的模块化方法,既实用又富有哲学性。否认这一工具就等于没有蓝图地进行构建,试图在写下一个词之前,将一个庞大而复杂的论点完整地概念化,同时将其所有部分记在脑海中,这是一种几乎不可能完成的认知壮举,这就是为什么最终的文本常常被用作警示故事,说明格式化规则最初存在的原因,它不是武断的指令,而是进化出了应对固有挑战的解决方案,即将非线性思维转化为线性文本,将私人推理公开,并管理另一个人的注意力和理解力,而我们要求对方在我们的文字上投入时间和精力,这一行为带有道德层面,是一种责任,要求清晰、有条理,并尊重读者的认知极限,而两千字的段落的呈现方式违反了这一契约,它本质上要求读者完成一项英雄般的壮举。需要集中精力去探索其深度,